Communication
Early introduction to spoken communication helps to develop critical
language and social skills as well as identification and sequencing
skills required for more complex communication devices. A range
of devices exists - from single recordable message tools to type
and speak units to devices with multiple communication layers or
branching systems. This area of assistive technology use is known
as "Augmentative and Alternate Communication" as the device
acts to compensate for the student's full communication capabilities,
including any vocalizations, gestures, signs and aided communication
(ASHA, 1991).
Manipulation
 Students
must be able to interact with people and objects in their environment.
Karen is able to participate in this cooking activity by pressing
a switch to turn on the blender. The environmental control unit
provides the interface between the blender and the switch. Switches
with special interfaces can be used to control anything electronic
from toys to televisions to computers.This area of assistive technology
where switches provide a means to independent control of electric
or battery-operated devices is often referred to as "Environmental
Control Systems".
Positioning/Mobility
 Positioning
and mobility items include adapted cars, jeeps, bikes, scooters,
walkers and wheelchairs that provide a way for children to experience
movement. This powered wheelchair with head switch controls makes
it possible for Jerry to choose where and when to go. With these
same head switches he is able to move about freely, work on the
computer and play Nintendo. His seating system is customized to
accommodate his needs. This area of assistive technology is known
as "Seating and Mobility" and includes a full range of positioning
systems as well as mobility devices.
Learning
 Other
technologies promote increased access to instructional and learning
materials as well as to other activities during the day. Examples
include calculators, magnifiers, tape recorders, adapted art and
gym tools, page-turners, auditory trainers, etc. Adapted computer
access is one way that helps children learn, play, and show what
they can do. Although computers themselves are a general classroom
technology, adaptations can make them more accessible by all students.
A wide range of input devices exist that can replace or support
the use of the standard keyboard. These include: trackballs, keyguards,
alternate keyboards, touch screens, voice input and various pointing
devices. Students use AT to access the same classroom software.
This area of assistive technology is known as "Adaptive Computer
Technology".
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